CMD tutorial part 1

I think i have done lots of general purpose,kind of posts in past,So i thought to do something different than what i do generally..
Hence i decided to dedicate this post to CMD's tutorial,This is the first part of two part tutorial,
Before continuing with anything i would like to introduce you with this fellow called CMD. It is commonly used to mean "command" and is a command line interface provided by Microsoft's windows,Command line interface means you don't have a beautiful and attractive GUI to communicate with your computer instead you have a black window which has some text written in white grayish white color and same colored horizontal blinker which looks as ugly as toad is.But don't ever underestimate the power of it.You can practically do anything on it.You know windows started as a plain dark DOS shell which is now known as CMD , and..

 FYI , Developers first create a command line or non GUI version of the application program then afterwards they overlay a GUI on it.Which is why you have more flexibility in a non GUI version,there are lot more benefits of using a text based application rather than image and graphics based ,like they use less CPU juice ,they consume less RAM ,and using them will make you like a computer expert..Sounds Interesting huh,So lets dive in.

Recover from a virus attack

Pheww.. it has been a long time since my last post,Sorry for my inactivity,i got struck by a mental trauma that life usually throw at peoples and this time it was me..
Anyway i'm back with a post and it's just a continuation of a previous one.
I know viruses are bad,as they block the access to tools(like Task Manager,Registry Editor,etc.) that can help you to counter-attack them,But they are worse when they block access to every tools from the list.

• Task Manager
• Registry Editor
• Command Prompt
• Group policy editor

Restore taskmanager,regedit and gpedit.msc

Well many times we when our computer starts lagging or we need to kill any task which is acting as a barrier for healthy computing,then we sneak in the taskmanager and kill the desired process(es).But sometimes what we see is the taskmanager is locked.The option which should look something fig 1. is now greyed out resembling fig 2.

            

                             ( fig. 1 )                                                                ( fig. 2 )
Then a beginner geek would think that "oh it's just the option which is greyed out i will go to c:/windows/system32 and then run the taskmgr directly but when you try to do that it shows a warning msg like this.

even when you are using the administrator account.So what's the problem well the problem is serious the computer is infected by a virus which prevents the user from using taskmanager(taskmgr.exe),and it does that to protect itself from being killed.
taskmanager is not the only thing which the virus(es) disables.Some of the viruses also ceases access to critical applications like registry editor(regdit.exe) and gpedit.msc, because they both can be used to restore the task manager.
You can get the help of any antivirus program to remove the virus but these programs usually just remove the viruses but don't reverse the actions of virus(es)..
It's because disabling the taskmanager,registry editor and gpedit.msc is a feature of the windows which prevents the unauthentic changes in pc's settings by other users. So, antivirus(es) can't do it but we can, which proves the superiority of men over the robots...

Everything you need to know about...

In this post we will cover answers to questions like why 1KB = 1024 bytes why not 1000 bytes,why there are only 256 character or ASCII(s),how to determine the range of certain data types and...
This post hence,will be helpful for noob programmers and computer science students...

I know,you know computer only knows 0's and 1's.But do you know why ?
Answer to that lies on the hardware which we use.Main component of the hardware of now days computers are semiconductors which works on currents and voltages.
So if there is any current on the circuit computer reads it as 1 and the region of no current is read as 0.

All of you know(i think..) that 8bits=1bytes but did you ever thought why is it so??
Well to be fare it isn't always because there are cases when computers or programs use other no. of bits for a byte.but 8 is the size which is most commonly used,as it proves to be the most easy yet accurate choice for calculation and operation purposes...
You can check how much bits your computer/operating system calls as byte (I'm sure it will be 8),by a macro named CHAR_BIT included in the header file "limits.h".
TIP : If you don't know what macro and header file are,then you need to go through a book of C-programming.If you want help in that,then comment
NOTE : As 8 is the most widely used packet of bits for a byte,so we too will continue with that in rest of the post.

Now the question is why 1 kilobyte=1024 byte why not 1000 bytes ??
As you know we use decimal number system,i.e. we have 10 digits to work and calculate everything and that's why when we move from one unit to another unit of any quantity we do so in power of 10.For example : 1 Kilogram=10³Gram.
and this is what we do to traverse from one unit of storage to another.But you know computer only understands the language of 0's and 1's and hence it has only two digits to work on.
hence this is done in terms of power of 2 (2ⁿ).So at the time to decide what will be the multiplication factor to transverse from unit to another they do the calculation as under
So to calculate that they(early engineers) started putting all the numbers in power of two..until they got the nearest number to 1000(because the unit from S.I. to kilo,and so on increase in the multiple of 1000), Now let's see what they've got...
               2¹ = 2   which was no way near to 1000
               2² = 4   and so this was...hence they moved on and on until they reached 10
Because, 2¹⁰ = 1024   which was best equivalent of 1000 (best in the binary system).
and this was the sweet little story of how 1024 bytes became equal to 1 kilobytes.

This question will interest more to a programming guy than to just a common computer guy,because a programming language have learnt about the jargon of data types,there sizes and there ranges but this ain't a question...question is do you know these terms are inter related to each other....huh??
well if you don't then no problem read on and you'll find out,but if you do know that there is a connection but you don't know what it is...then too you're advised to read on and if you know everything then too you should read as you may find something more to it...
This story leads by a character named "Character"

Characters: There are 256 of them on which the processor can work..and the size of everyone of it is 1 byte and is usually denoted by a nick-name char..well many of you may know about that but do you know why they are only in a gang of 256..?
This ain't simple, if you didn't know what permutation and combination is,But i will try to explain you that in the easiest way i know..
As you know there are 8 bits in a byte,and the size of a character is set to be 1 byte i.e., 8 bits..Now think like this.
As,there are 8 vacant places in the allotted size to a character which needs to be filled to complete a character and there are only two things which can be filled in these gaps which are 0(s) and 1(s).If below is the representation of the bit cells of a byte..
then..,the no of ways by which the first and all of the rest cells can be filled are 2 (which are 0 and 1)..
That is the first cell of a byte can be filled in these two ways,

1

0

And so are the others.
hence the total permutation(no.of ways these whole block of cells can be filled) are 2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2 = 2⁸ = 256

As the number of possible combinations which can be made by binaries in a character are only 256 that's why there are only this much no. of characters.
So if you want to increase the no. of possible characters you have to increase the size which is allotted for a character (i.e., you need to allot 2,3 or some-other no.[any how] as required )...
Similarly the number of numbers which can be saved in an integer data type are (2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2)x(2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2) = 2¹⁶ = 65536 and range for that will be 0-65535.Because the size allocated for the int type = 2 bytes,which can be represented as follows in the form of cells.

Note :0-65535 is the range of an unsigned int i.e., an int data type which will only store positive numbers.for signed int the range will be defined when 65536 was split in to two for negative and positive numbers and then the range for that will be -32768 to 32767.
Have a look at this table, for the reference of other data types..

Data type	Size	Calculation	Result	Range
char	1	21*8=28	256	0 to 255
unsigned int	2	22*8=216	65536	0 to 65535
signed int	2	((22*8)/2)=((216)/2)	32768	-32768 to 32767
long unsigned int	4	24*8=232	4294967296	0 to 4294967295

Now we will analyze the hexadecimal and octal numbers,especially it's conversion to binaries...
see here is a table which represents hexadecimal conversion into it's binary form..

hex no.	equivalent binary
0	0	0	0	0
1	0	0	0	1
2	0	0	1	0
3	0	0	1	1
4	0	1	0	0
5	0	1	0	1
6	0	1	1	0
7	0	1	1	1
8	1	0	0	0
9	1	0	0	1
A	1	0	1	0
B	1	0	1	1
C	1	1	0	0
D	1	1	0	1
E	1	1	1	0
F	1	1	1	1

Before beginning with anything i wanna tell you why this hexadecimal is called as hexa. Well it's simple it contains 16 characters,and 16 is usually prefixed as hex.
Seeing and counting is not the only method to find the no. of characters in hexadecimal,you can also use the method we discussed earlier i.e, 2ⁿ method to calculate the number of hexadecimal possible.Here that n equals to 4.Hence 2ⁿ = 2⁴ = 16 = total possible hexa's
See there are two ways to remember this table.First is Pattern recognition method and the second one is Binary addition method.
The Pattern

in this table is 1st column from left has 0 and 1 in alternate pattern and the 2nd column has two times zero and then two times one and the third it is.... So common formula which can be derived with the pattern is 2^n*2 and n start from 0 and goes upto ((no. of total column)-1) and the distribution of it is in increasing order of column from left to right.
And binary addition is the method in which we add 1 to every side of the to get next no. on the queue..
Now, 0 was the first no. on hex side and 0000 in the binary side so adding 1 to both side we will get.
1 on hex side and 0001 in the binary side but adding 1 further will get.
2 on hex side but it won't result 0002 on the binary side because in binary there is no place for 2 so on adding 1 to 0001 it will become 0010 and on adding 1 again to it will make it 0011 and so on and so forth..
Octal can also be drawn Similarly...but for the reference have a look at this table of it..

hex no.	equivalent binary
0	0	0	0
1	0	0	1
2	0	1	0
3	0	1	1
4	1	0	0
5	1	0	1
6	1	1	0
7	1	1	1

Did you noticed the similarity in octal's and hex's table,well we have just removed the last column(when counted from left) and cut shorted the table's length(vertical length)
I think this is more than enough for a post so we will be packing up for now..but you can ask any query anytime using the feature of comment or by messaging us at our facebook portal.

tips to get faster computer

Computers were made to increase the speed and flexibility of the work we do in our daily life.

They were meant to be fast and accurate but after some time they start lagging and hanging.These hangs and lags were commonly thought to be,due to viruses.

Well viruses make your pc slow but everytime your computer lags it doesn't means your pc got infected.There is a common disbelief that viruses are the only reason due to which pcs slows down,but we should always have an antivirus installed in our computer for the sake of performance and security.

Now we will be going to show you how to make your computer faster than what it was (Well maybe).

System's configuration Most common reason for slow computer is slow/ancient equipments like slow processors,old mother boards,cheap video cards.

If your computer is of stone age them you must have to upgarde it,if you bought it recent and at a decent price,then you wont have to bother about your configurations

Although hardwares are the root of slow computers,but many time system lags even with good configurations.To know why it happens and how to tackle it keep reading....
Defrag and all Defrag: defraging the harddrive arranges the file linearly making it easier to read which in turns speeds up the loading of application and directory contents

To defrag a drive,right click on the drive icon then go to properties and then move to the tab called Tools then click on optimize.
now from there select the drive which you want to defrag then hit on optimize.
if you want to defrage your pendrive or any other external media which usually are'nt in NTFS format then you need download external defraggler like.Piriform Defraggler or Asologics defraggler.
Although you can defrage any drive or media but you must defrage %systemdrive% (which is usually C: ) to achieve faster computing experience.

cleaning up other mess:cleaning the mess that a program usually creates in the name of temporary files and caches is another secret to own a fast and fluid computer.you can do it either with built in disk cleaner that you will find in the general tab of properties window of particular drive.

There are many other applications too,which cleans your computer even more deeply and intelligently.Amongst them most widely used tool is ccleaner.
Using these external tools coupled with inbuilt cleaner will give even better results.

Registry cleaning : well ccleaner can perform this too for you,but you may need a special registry cleaner and registry defraggler, as ccleaner is not specialist in that.


Disable unused startup application They are the application which normally starts with your pc which inturns slows the boot process down.Yet another feature of ccleaner which makes it a decent tool..
But windows 8 user does'nt need it as the taskmanager of windows has this ability inbuilt.
Now to stop any application from being started at the time of booting just go over the process name then disable it either with right click or use the button on the boundary.

Disabling unused startup applications not only cuts down startup time but also provides a better operation afterwards...as removing an application from startup prevents it from being executed with pc boot.(normally when a process starts with system logon it continues to be in background until system is logged off or is turned off.)


Tweaking boot configuration Press windows+R from any screen to bring run dialog box in the view then type "msconfig.exe" in the space provided then hit enter.



Now from here click on the boot tab.



Click on the operating system's name you have and then click on Advanced options...



Then click on the checkbox(to fill it) right behind the string "Number of processors:" then select the maxmium no. of them which you have.also check the box of "Maximum memory:" and select the max possible of it too.

Finally click Apply and then OK.

Peep in the taskmanager
Everything from virus to useful services that executes in your system is present here in the taskmanager.Now things you need is the way to distinguish b/w the usefull and unusefull processes

There only two ways to do that :

1.To explore,by killing each every process your pc has and seeing the consequence of it.

2.Take the help of google to gather knowledge about that process.
Well method 1 is a kind of long cut for that..So many of you will choose method 2,and you should also.As killing some random process may sometime leads to system shutdown or crash,and there many process for which system does'nt shows an immediate response which makes it even more tougher to record and track the behavior of particular process.

Tips:you should kill the active session of some applications and start it again when they start overloading your processor and memory.browser are the common example of such applications.

Updating the old softwares and drivers
Old software and drivers should be regularly updated,as they improves the algorithms and supports of the softwares with every new release.Many bugs which were present in the previous version may cleared out.

They keeps on removing useless features and properties making it faster and faster,and updated applications comes with new features and UI.
Some more tweakings
This section consists of some random things that you can do to enhance the performance of pc.

Disabling the services : This part includes the usage of msconfig.exe which is a very sensitive issue so be careful in this part.If you by mistakes or intentionally disables the important services then your may not start.You can disable services like bluetooth,printers,search indexers and many more which you don't use it frequently.

Press win+R then type msconfig.exe in the area provided and hit enter

Now move to tab named Services and look for Running in the status section.

And disable the services which you don't use frequently.if you are not sure of what you are doing then google the name of service that you have suspicion on.

After disabling all the service which you don't need,click on Apply.

Setting up the pc : This section is for the user of windows 7 or above...microsoft started giving two option from windows 7 onwards which helps to control pc's performance.It includes ready boost feature and power options.

For power options,Goto control panel then change the value of "view by" section from category to large icons.

Then click on Power Options then click on radio button of "high performance".

If you want more options then click over Change plan settings,tweaks with your taste and click on save changes.

Ready boost is yet another option for you which will raise the performance graph slightly to enable ready boost connect any of your usb drive format it if it has something in it.then goto it's properties and move to ReadyBoost tab.Then click on "Dedicate this device to ReadyBoost" and click on apply.

Tip : formatting the device in NTFS format rather than Fatxx will increase it's speed drastically.

         

There are few other ways which increase the pc's performance it includes reducing windows animation,increasing paging file..etc to find these settings goto my computer>properties>Advanced>settings(under Performance).
If you face some problem there,you can comment and ask here...

Increase your system's rating

Hey bloggers have you ever to boasted infront of your friend about your pc's configuration,well it's normal. But how about bragging even when you don't have such configurations.
hmmm.... do you know it's possible if you are a windows user.Well this might be possible in linux too but till now,i don't how.
So Today we will be showing you how,to achieve it in windows
well,It's just a matter of some tweaks or you may call it hacks. There are two steps you have to go through to do that.

• Change(upgrade) the name of the processor.
• Change the Windows Experience Index Rating(In windows 7 and above)

For step 1.
Open registry editor,and to do that press win+r to brought up the run window.Then type regedit.exe in the run box and hit enter.
By now you are landed into registry editor.
Now navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE\DESCRIPTION\System\CentralProcessor\0 there you will a find registry named ProcessorNameString open it change the value to whatever you want your processor to be.Hit Ok and close the registry editor.
Goto my computer and check the properties.voila,You just upgraded your processor for free.

Now it's time to upgrade your system's rating
To do that goto C:\Windows\Performance\WinSAT\DataStore\ and in that folder initiate a search with "Formal.Assessment (Recent).WinSAT.xml" keyword.If you got nothing in the search result then go for "Formal.Assessment (Initial).WinSAT.xml".
Then copy the file that shows up in search result and paste it somewhere you want.Then open that file from notepad and then press ctrl+h then in the find column type initial subscore(rating that shows up in your pc's properties) and in the replace column type the score,that you want as your subscore and hit replace.
Be sure not to hit replace all because it may change some other readings(numerals) which are not supposed to be altred but they too get changed as they partially matches with the score you typed.So replace only that readings which are exactly the same.And yes,9.9 is the highest possible rating so be under that. After all the tweakings ,save the file.
Then put that file back in the folder from where you copied that.i.e.,"C:\Windows\Performance\WinSAT\DataStore\"
To check it goto to computer's properties.
This tweak will help you show off infront of your friends,But Sometimes it MAY affect your system's performance,negatively.Like if there is a program which reads this reading to determine whether your system is capable of handling the pressure that it will provide(or it has juice needed to run that program) or not.
Well I don't think there are much programs which reads the user experience reading to determine this,but who knows about the thinking of that programmer,they can use this as it's easy to read the data from xml(which is an example of very well arranged data structure),then to run a diagnostic test.
if there are such programs and if they provide that extra load on your system that it can't handle then your system will halt or will explode with a baamm... ;)

There is one more way to increase your system rating.
The method which i'm talking about will not only increase your system's rating but it will also increase your system's performance.
and that method is overclocking...
As this is a sensitive topic i'm leaving it for now,but you will find a relevant post soon.

So till then wait,and keep blogging. 

What is phishing ? How to create and protect yourself from phishing?

NOTE : This post is for the educational and testing purposes only.The author is not liable for any Legal action taken against reader which choses to use the content of this post for any illegal activities such as unauthorized breaking and hacking in someone's email or social media account.

Phishing : It is the act of attempting to acquire information like usernames,passwords,and credit card details of the user by masquerading as a trustworthy entity.Illegal phishing is a cyber crime,hence if the culprit gets legal actions can be taken against him
This process is carried out normally by an IT experts,and these kinds of IT expert are often called as hackers.

In this post you'll will learn about how they create and manipulate users to use the phishing page.
Normally a phishing page is an exact replica of the original page usually asking for the critical informations like username,passwords,credit card data...etc.This setup can be easily created by following the procedures mention below.